Milestones in Kozmigroov History
Date | Event |
early 1950's | Oxide tape recorders become commercially available |
early 50's | Experimental "tape composers" use tape recording/delay/loop techniques to create new sounds |
early 50's | Commercial release of Wurlitzer Electric Piano |
1955 | Hammond B3 Organ produced; the first "portable" organ. |
1955 | Wild Bill Davis and Milt Buckner are early pioneers on the Hammond B3 Organ. |
1956/57 | Sun Ra uses Electric Piano on _Sounds Of Joy_ and possibly "Angels and Demons at Play" |
late 50's | Jimmy Smith makes the Hammond B3 Organ a household name. |
1958/59 | Miles Davis releases _Kind Of Blue_, an early modal jazz album. |
1961 | Sun Ra's _Cosmic Tones For Mental Therapy_ uses tape delay/loop/echo techniques and early proto-synthesizers (clavionline) |
1963 | Mellotron analogue tape sampler invented |
1964 | Moog synthesizer invented |
1965 | First commercial release of Fender Rhodes Electric Piano |
1965 | James Brown's "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" gets the groove on and helps define funk music. |
1966 | Joe Zawinul and Cannonball Adderley release _Mercy Mercy Mercy_ with use of a Fender Rhodes Electric Piano |
1966 | Charles Lloyd Quartet billed as "first psychedelic jazz group" and show early use of electric guitar in jazz. |
1966/67 | Saxophonist Joe Harriott and violinist John Mayer release _Indo Jazz Fusions_, an early example of world-fusion. |
1967 | The Beatles use Mellotron and various post-production studio techniques and release _Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band_ which is a major influence on Miles Davis and other pioneering jazz artists and producers. |
late 60's | Jazz record sales see serious errosion as more and more people turn to Rock. |
1967/68 | Miles Davis first commercial use of Fender Rhodes on "Stuff" from _Miles In The Sky_ |
1968 | Miles Davis uses Fender Rhodes on every song on _Filles de Kilimanjaro_ |
1968/69 | Miles Davis & producer Teo Macero release _In A Silent Way_, which shows early uses of post-production techniques in jazz and is Davis' first true kozmigroov album. |
1968/69 | David Axelrod releases _Song of Innocence_ and _Songs of Experience_ sounding like nothing else from its era, with melodramatic strings tied to heavy echoed breakbeats. |
1969 | Tony Williams leaves Miles Davis and releases _Emergency_ which completely shatters the boundaries between jazz and rock. |
1969 | Pharaoh Sanders releases _Karma_ and "The Creator Has A Master Plan" which becomes Sanders defining moment/sound. |
1969 | "Yekermo Sew", featuring a Fender Rhodes, is released in Ethiopia and highlights the mixing of Eastern and Western instrumentation in jazz. |
1969/70 | Miles Davis releases _Bitches Brew_, officially ushering in the era of electric-jazz, fusion, kozmigroov, etc... Though dismissed by jazz "purists" at the time, _Bitches Brew_ finds a younger non-jazz audience and becomes Davis' first gold selling album. |
1970 | The MiniMoog is created |
1970 | Fela Kuti releases _Fela's London Scene_ which uses electric piano and marks the beginning Fela's finest (and most kozmigroov) period of recording. |
1970 | Donald Byrd absorbs the innovations of Bitches Brew and comes up with one of the most consistent fusion sets of any flavor: _Electric Byrd_ |
1970 | Alice Coltrane releases _Journey In Satchidananda_, a modal kozmigroov masterpiece! |
1970/71 | Herbie Hancock releases _Mwandishi_ where he completely embraces electronics and his recordings become spacier and more complex rhythmically and structurally. |
1971 | George Clinton and Funkadelic release _Maggot Brain_, a jazz influenced soul-funk album. |
1971 | Joe Zawinul & Wayne Shorter leave Miles Davis and form Weather Report. They release their self-titled debut album which continues the jazz-rock/fusion exploration of _In A Silent Way_. |
1971/72 | Roy Ayres releases _He's Coming_ and _Ubiquity_ which showcase the influence of soul and funk on jazz, thus creating jazz-funk. |
1972 | Sun Ra releases _Space Is The Place_ which becomes arguably Ra's most famous tune. |
1972 | Miles Davis releases _On The Corner_, with distorted guitars, double-timing drums and deep funky bass. Many view this as Davis' most controversial album. |
1972/73 | Manu Dibango and _Soul Makossa_ signal the rise and influence of disco on jazz. |
1973 | Herbie Hancock releases _Head Hunters_. Tired of low record sales, Herbie dives into more commercially accessible funk material. _Head Hunters_ becomes the largest selling jazz album ever, and draws many key players into less exploratory and more lucrative regions. |
1975 | Miles Davis retires for the next 5 years. |
1976 | Many jazz musicians follow the growing disco trend and incorporate disco sounds/beats into their music, which is the beginning of the end of "classic" kozmigroov. |
1976 | Jazz-Rock/Fusion flames out due to commercial over-exposure and creative stagnation. Another indication of the end of "classic" kozmigroov. |
1979 | First digital sampler, FairLight CMI (Computer Musical Instrument), invented. |
1979 | Disco Sucks Demolition Night at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois |
1980 | "Disco" becomes a dirty word and the music morphs into other genres, helping pave the way for hip-hop, house and techno. |
1980's | Many jazz musicians return to their "straight" jazz roots |
1983 |
MIDI (Musical Instrumental Digital Interface) invented. Emulator digital sampling keyboard released. |
1982/83 | Bill Laswell releases first solo album _Basslines_ which uses an array of sythesizers and electrified basses with various touches of jazz. |
1983 | Herbie Hancock & Bill Laswell team up to create the grammy-winning "Rockit" and introduce the mainstream audience to scratching and electro |
1988/89 | Acid-Jazz music is coined by DJ Gilles Peterson who helps spearhead England's jazz dance revival scene. |
mid 1990's | Acid-Jazz and Hip-Hop artists rediscover and sample early jazz-funk artists. |
1992 | "Bug In The Bassbin" by Carl Craig hints at early modern kozmigroov |
1996 | "Bug In The Bassbin" (jazz mix) is a modern kozmigroov masterpiece! |
1996 | Jazz Satellites compilation released, which brings together classic and modern kozmigroov artists in one place, connecting the dots between them. The compilation helps spark the birth of the Kozmigroov Mailing List. |
late 1990's | "Electronic/Dance" artists start including sampled jazz and live jazz instrumentation into their music creating Nu-Jazz and Modern Kozmigroov. |